The Journey of Kizil Avlu: A Historical Gem in Izmir
In the heart of Izmir lies a historical gem that has withstood the test of time, bearing the marks of various civilizations from Egyptian deities to the Ottomans. The story of Kizil Avlu is a fascinating journey through centuries of history and architectural evolution.
An Ancient Legacy: From Serapis to St. John
Constructed in the 2nd century AD during the Roman Empire, Kizil Avlu was initially dedicated to the Egyptian deity Serapis. As the marble coverings of the structure wore off over time, revealing red bricks underneath, the locals began calling this unique building “Kizil Avlu,” or the Red Courtyard. Transitioning from a Serapis Temple in the Roman era to a church dedicated to St. John in the Byzantine period, Kizil Avlu underwent multiple transformations, showcasing the cultural shifts of the time.
Monumental Architecture and Impeccable Craftsmanship
The architecture of Kizil Avlu is a testament to the advanced craftsmanship of the era. Comprising a main building and surrounding towers, the structure encloses a vast courtyard measuring 200×100 meters. The monumental entrance gate, standing at 7×14 meters, is adorned with porticos featuring five columns on each side. Inside the building, marble-clad walls and balconies (now lost to time) adorned the interior. The towers, 15 meters in diameter and 19 meters in height, were capped with brick domes, showcasing the grandeur of the construction.
A Journey to the Ottoman Era
During the Ottoman period, a section of Kizil Avlu was repurposed as a mosque, known today as the Kurtuluş Mosque. This transformation highlights the building’s adaptive nature over time. Recent restoration efforts have elevated Kizil Avlu to a significant cultural heritage site, preserving its historical significance for future generations.
Kizil Avlu is conveniently located in the center of the Bergama district, easily accessible for visitors. Open for visits from 08:30 to 20:00 during the summer and 08:30 to 17:00 in the winter, this unique structure welcomes thousands of visitors annually. Serving as not just a temple but a portal to different civilizations, Kizil Avlu is a must-visit historical treasure for anyone traveling to Izmir.
Next time you find yourself in Izmir, don’t miss the chance to explore this historical jewel that transcends time and borders, offering a glimpse into the rich tapestry of the past. Immerse yourself in the wonders of Kizil Avlu and witness the echoes of ancient civilizations that resonate through its walls.
